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Lubanga Trial: May in Review

CSR Director of Research Projects Kate Davey reports on the Thomas Lubanga trial for the month of May.

On May 3…

The third witness for the defense testified in closed session.  Prior to that, the prosecution finished its examination of defense witness Paul Bejijjo Chonga, who told the Court he joined the UPC because the Nationalist and Integrationist Front were raping and killing near his home.

Lead defense counsel, Catherine Mabille, told the Court that the defense has found “extremely important discrepancies” and as such requested that the all the transcripts be urgently reviewed.

On May 5, the defense questioned the father of a witness that had testified in January as Dieudonné Tonyfwa Urochi, whose identity is now in question. 

The defense asserted that two of their witnesses are unable to travel to The Hague because their witnesses’ identities have been stolen by two other witnesses that have already testified in Court. The witnesses accused of stealing the identities are known as Witness 225 and Witness 229.

On May 11…

Judge Fulford stated that Witness 297, a former child soldier in the UPC, who was unable to testify in April 2009 due to health problems, will testify May 17 and will first be questioned by the Prosecution.

On Tuesday, Judge Fulford ruled that the prosecution may interview a former suspect the prosecution questioned in 2005, known to the Court as Witness 3. It is expected that the prosecution will question Witness 3 about the intermediaries for the Court and although the defense will not be present for the questioning, the prosecution will provide the defense and the chambers with a transcript. 

On May 17…

Witness 297 told the Court he was abducted from school and then forced into the UPC and stated that he saw Lubanga twice during his time as a soldier. 

The witness further testified during the week that although he was offered money by a social relief worker if he left the UPC, he was hesitant to do so because being a soldier ensured that he had money.

On May 19, Judge Fulford asked the defense when they planned to make their dismissal of the case against Lubanga on the grounds of abuse of process, which the defense had notified the Court they planned to do back in January. The defense stated they would make the application after two intermediaries and an investigator for the Office of the Prosecutor gives testimony.

On May 24…

Witness 297 admitted that he lied in his statement when he told investigators that his commander had been Floribert Kisembo, rather than Bosco Ntaganda as he stated in Court. The witness explained that he had been afraid to mention Ntaganda’s name as he had heard his name on the radio.  He further stated, “Yes, I told investigators that I saw Bosco three times but I was afraid of saying everything about him… because I said to myself that I might be arrested and thrown in prison. Or I might be asked to tell people where Bosco was.”

Judge Fulford stated that the fact that Witness 297 told an OTP investigator that he was looking for assistance from the Court in the way of his dowry should have been made known to the defense.

On May 25, the defense presented documents to the Court that the defense says will prove that seven prosecution witnesses, who testified in Court as former child soldiers, are not former child soldiers.

The prosecution had nine witnesses who testified in Court that they were former child soldiers in the UPC.

On May 31…

Judge Adrian Fulford announced that Witness 3, who had agreed to give an interview to the prosecution, has decided now not to go through with the interview. The Judges further stated that they had rejected an application by the prosecution to prevent defense representatives in interviews the prosecution plans with two intermediaries, who will testify in Court.

This post was created by Kate Davey through sourcing from the reporting of  Wairagala Wakabi from lubangatrial.org

Filed under: Congo, Intl Criminal Ct, Lubanga Trial

Lubanga Trial: February in Review

CSR Director of Research Projects Kate Davey reports on the Thomas Lubanga trial for the month of February.

On February 1…

The defense’s first witness testified that his son had lied to the Court when he stated under oath that he was a child soldier in the UPC.  The witness stated that during the period his son said he was with the UPC, the child was actually at home with the father.  The next day, the second witness for the defense testified mostly in a closed session and was advised by Judge Adrian Fulford not to be nervous while testifying. Judge Fulford also chastised the prosecutors for failing to reveal information about defense witnesses to the defense in a timely fashion.

On February 8…

Joseph Maki, a witness for the defense testified that ICC “intermediaries” gave him two hundred US dollars to convince his nephew to lie to the ICC and say he was a child soldier.  The witness’s statements supported the testimony of the defense’s first witness, who is the father of the boy in question.   The next day, Claude Nyéki Django, a defense witness, told the Court that he and other boys had been masqueraded to people the witness did not know as child soldiers.

On February 10…

Django continued his testimony telling the Court that the UPC did not conscript children because the UPC only took children who volunteered to join the armed forces. He further stated that the children could leave training when they wanted and that he knew Lubanga as “very important” and he knew him as a “salesman.”

On February 11…

Claude Nyéki Django finished his testimony in a closed session after he became upset and had to leave Court. Django had started crying in Court on Wednesday when he described watching his mother be killed by the Lendu ethnic group while his siblings and he hid under the bed.

On February 15…

The defense’s fourth witness testified in a closed session and the next day the trial adjourned early due to transcript difficulties within the English transcript.

On February 17…

Defense lawyer Jean-Marie Biju-Duval requested that the Lubanga defense be able to share information with the defense lawyers for Germain Katanga about common witnesses.  Katanga is accused of using child soldiers as part of charges against him including three crimes against humanity and seven war crimes. The prosecution stated that the prosecution in both cases opposes the defense sharing information. The judges said that they will rule on this after they have received the restrictions on information disclosure in both cases.

On February 18…

Judge Adrian Fulford announced the trial will be in recess for two weeks as the defense team needs to go to the Congo for “critical research.” The trial will resume March 3, 2010.

On February 23…

The defense requested that a defense witness testify via a video link as they stated the witness is “extremely vulnerable” and therefore unable to travel to The Hague from her home in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The judges referred the issue to the Victims and Witnesses Unit for evaluation and will decide on this issue after they hear from the VWU.

This post was created by Kate Davey through sourcing from the reporting of  Wairagala Wakabi for lubangatrial.org

Filed under: Congo, Intl Criminal Ct, Lubanga Trial , , , ,

Lubanga Trial to Resume January 7

After a delay of more than five months, the International Criminal Court will resume the trial of  Thomas Lubanga Dyilo next week.  The defense will present its case against the original charges of enlisting, conscripting and using child soldiers under the age of 15;  significantly, in early December LubangaTrial.org noted, “appeals judges reversed a July decision that could have paved the way for charges of sexual slavery and cruel and inhumane treatment to be added to the indictment.”  Presiding judge Adrian Fulford emphasized that there would be no further delays to the trial.  Also, on December 15, 2009, the court released the:

Redacted Decision on the “Prosecution’s Request for Lifting of Redactions to the Identity of One Individual providing Rule 77 Information and Request for Redactions further to Article 54(3)(f) and Rules 81(2) and 81(4)” and “Prosecution’s application for variation in the protective measures concerning witness 44 and witness 101″ of 24 July 2009. (see icc-cpi.int for more information.)

Prosecution rested its case on July 14.

Filed under: Congo, Intl Criminal Ct, Lubanga Trial , , ,

Too Young to Fight: A review of the laws that protect child soldiers and children in armed conflict

A CSR Special Report

Kate Davey Director of Research Projects

Sarah Pierce Legal Intern and Director of Outreach, Development and Communication

Children have been used as tools of war throughout history, serving not only as foot soldiers on the front line, but also as spies, porters and sexual slaves. Lawmakers and human rights organizations generally recognize the following from the 1997 Capetown Principles as the standard for defining a child soldier: “a child soldier is any person under 18 years of age who is part of any kind of regular or irregular armed force or armed group in any capacity, including but not limited to cooks, porters, messengers and anyone accompanying such groups, other than family members. The definition includes girls recruited for sexual purposes and for forced marriage. It does not, therefore, only refer to a child who is carrying or has carried arms.”

Read more…


Filed under: Educational, Human Rights, Intl Criminal Ct, Laws, Treaties , , ,

The Charles Taylor Trial Series – Part One: A summary of charges

Child Soldier Relief is creating a three part series on the Charles Taylor Trial; the first explores the summary of charges against Charles Taylor concerning child soldiers.

Charles Taylor is charged with war crimes, crimes against humanity, and other serious violations of international humanitarian law. According to Count 9 of the Indictment, Taylor is charged with conscripting and enlisting children under the age of 15 in Sierra Leone from November 30, 1996 through January 18, 2002. 

Specifically, the prosecution accuses Taylor of assisting, encouraging and directing the RUF, AFRC, AFRC/RUF Junta and/or Liberian fighters to conscript and enlist children under the age of 15 “to participate in active hostilities.” 

These actions are punishable under Article 4 (c) of the Special Court Statute for Sierra Leone. 

Under this Article the Special Court has the power to prosecute those that violate international humanitarian law including, “Conscripting or enlisting children under the age of 15 years into armed forces or groups or using them to participate actively in hostilities.” 

According to CharlesTaylor.org, which has been covering the trial from the beginning and provides daily, weekly and monthly summaries on the trial, Charles Taylor was leader of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia from 1989 to 1997 and from 1997 to 2003, he was the democratic president of Liberia. 

As ChildSoldierRelief.com wrote in February 2009, the Special Court for Sierra Leone is a collaboration between international and national justice, set up to try those accused of committing war crimes in the civil war in Sierra Leone.

Filed under: C. Taylor Trial, Intl Criminal Ct, Liberia, Sierra Leone , , , , ,

Lubanga Trial: Week 23 in Review – PROSECUTION REST ITS CASE

On Monday the trial resumed with the testimony of Christine Peduto, a child protection specialist for the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, who told the Court that Lubanga kidnapped a child and forced him into the UPC. In her interview with the child, Peduto explained that the child told her he was kidnapped in February 2003 by six soldiers and Lubanga while he was walking on a road. Peduto also told the Court she had no reason to question the child’s credibility.

On Tuesday, July 14, the prosecution rested its case against Lubanga; their case included 30 witnesses over a period of five months.  On the last day of trial, Peduto was asked by the Judges to clarify some of her statements in her testimony: Judge Elizabeth Odio Benito asked Peduto to explain the difference between “children associated with armed groups” and the term “child soldiers.”

“‘Child soldier’ is a bit restrictive. We prefer to use ‘children associated with armed groups’, which reflects a broader reality…[because] we are not only talking about combatants who carry weapons. Children were used as informers, for logistical activities, as drivers, bodyguards, and children were subjected to sexual abuse,” Peduto explained. 

In addition, a witness for the prosecutionwas cross-examined by the defense in a closed session after Peduto testified.

The defense is expected to start their case in October.

This post was created by Kate Davey through sourcing from the reporting of Rachel Irwin for lubangatrial.org

Filed under: Congo, Intl Criminal Ct, Lubanga Trial , , , , , ,

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